Electric car-brake.



l. DAVIDON. ELEcTmc cm BRAKE.'

B42396430 APPLICATION FILED IL'IAYJ. 1.916.

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j. DAVIDON.

ELECTRIC CAR BRAKE. APPLICATION FILED IIIIIIY 24. Isle.

Patented Aug. 28, 1917.

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J. DAVIDON.

ELECTRIC CAR BRAKE. APPLICATION FiLED MAY 24` 191e.

Patented Aug. 28, 1917.

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JW j@ JACOB DAVIDON, OF NEW YORK, N'. Y.

ELECTRIC CAR-BRAKE.

Speeication of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 28, 1917.

Application filed May 24, 1916. Serial No. 99,647.

To all whom 25 may concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB DAvmoN a citizen of the United States,residing at ew York, in the county of New York and State of New York,have invented new and useful Improvements in Electric Car-Brakes, ofwhich the following is a specication.

lIhis invention relates to an electroinechanical brake apparatus and hasfor its primary object the provision of a structure capable of retardingthe speed of a car 1n a silent manner at a minimum expenditure ofenergy.

An object of the invention is to provide an electromechanical apparatus,the electrical devices of which are arranged in an electric circuit insuch a manner that the devices will only receive current when doingwork.

Besides the above my invention is distinguished in the use of anelliptical gear yield' ably coperating with an electromagnet adapted toengage the track rail.

A very important feature of my invention is the fact that the elementscan be either automatically operated or manually operated and theelements of all the cars of a train simultaneously operated.

Vith these and other objects in view the invention will be betterunderstood from the following detailed description taken in connectionwith the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a sectional viewthrough a portion of a car showing my invention applied thereto.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view on the line of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view through the electromagnet.

Figs. 5 and 6 are detailed views of the mechanism, for giving movementsto the frame.

Fig. 7 is a detailed sectional view through a portion of the frame.

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view of the wiring.

Fig. 9 is a detailed view of a modification of my invention.

Fig. 10 is a side elevation of Fig. 9.

Referring to the drawings the numeral 1 designates one of the car axleshaving mounted thereon the flange wheels 2 each v formed with inwardlyextending annular series of teeth 3. At this point I wish to cailattention to the fact that the following detailed description will belimited to the brake mechanism for a single wheel, but I wish it to beunderstood that each wheel of the car may be associated with my brakeapparatus. Cooperating with the teeth 3 is the gear 4 mounted upon theaxle 5 that is in turn supported by the body of the car. The axle 5 alsosupports a second larger' gear 6 continuously in mesh with a smallergear 7 upon another axle 8 also supported from the body of the car. Uponthe axle 8 is an elliptical gear 9 adapted at intervals to engage a gear10 supported in a frame 11 that in turn is pivotally mounted upon thebody of the car 12 as indicated at 12. At the point where the gear l0 issupported the frame is provided with parallel limbs 13 each formed witha slot 14 for the reception of the axle 8.

One end of the frame 11 supports a cylinder l5 in which is slidablymounted the head 16 of the stem 17 carried by the magnet yoke 18 that inturn supports cores 19 around which are wound the magnet coils 20.Encircling the stein 17 between the head 16 and end 2l of the yoke 18 isa coil expansion spring 22. From this arrangement it will be seen thatthe electromagnet has a yieldable connection with the frame so thateither the magnet or the frame may be moved independent of each other.

For the purpose of giving movements to the frame about its pivot formoving the poles of the magnet into engagement or out of engagement withthe tread of the rail 23 I provide a feed shaft 24 having threadedengagement with a nut 25 upon which rests the frame 11 in such a mannerthat the latter will be prevented from swinging about its pivot exceptin a manner hereinafter described.

'Ihe shaft 24 carries a beveled gear 26 in mesh with a second beveledgear 27 carried by the shaft 28 of the electric motor 29. The shaft 28carries a second beveled gear 30 with which coperates a beveled gear 31when a shaft 32 is given a rectilinear movement by means of pressurebeing applied upon a foot lever 38 arranged upon the platform of thecar. This shaft 32 has secured thereto a wheel 38 by means of which theshaft 82 may be manually rotated for giving movement to the shaft 24independent of the motor 29.

As far as I have proceeded it will be seen will adhere to the tread ofthe rail.

rotation of the shaft 24 determines whether the frame 11 moves toward oraway from the rail 23. Assuming that the electromagnet magneticallygrips the rail each time the gear 9 makes a complete rotation, the

spring 22 will be compressed twiceand this compression of the springoffers great resistance to the rotation of the gear 9, and

f this resistance is passed from the gear 9 to the wheel 2 by means ofgears '7, 6 and 4 respectively and teeth 3. Thus it will be seen that agreat resistance will be offered to the turning of the wheel 2 and thisis accom- Aplishedin a silent manner with the minimum amount of energy.

A feature of my invention is that as the weight of the frame portionbetween the.

pivot and magnets is much greater than the weight of the portionybetween the pivot and gear train, its leverage will act as a resistingforce to the turning of the elliptical wheel 9 which resistance ishighly in creased while transmitted to the car wheel.

Infact for low speeds, this force alone is suiiicient to highly retardthe movement of the train. Especially when a train runs on f of themagnet are arranged in an electricy down grade or stops while being on agrade,

use may be made of this braking power.

alone by opening switch 42 (on my original wiring sketch) after theframe `has been lowered down.

Referring to the diagrammatic view' of` thegwiring it will be seen thatthe coils 20 circuit 34 including a generator 35 and a rheostat 36.Bridged across the conductor 38 and connected to conductor 37 of thecircuit '34 is a conductor 39 including the motor 29 and a switch 40,the latter being arranged to be opened when the frame 11 `hasbeenlowered a distance great enough vto bring the poles of the magnetinto enf gagement with the rails, and in this particularinstance theswitch 40 is arranged to be struck by the nut 25. Tapped `on to theconductor 3S is a conductor 4l, the other vterminal of which is tappedon tothe conductor 39 adjacent one pole of `the motor4 29. Thisconductor 4l includes the switch 42 arranged to be closed when `the nut25 in the frame 11 moves toward the rail. Tapped on to the conductor 39and shunted around the motor 29 and switchA 42 is a conductor 43cooperating with the conductor 41 for passing current to the motor 29when the coils 20 are arranged inactive upon opening of the rheostat 36.The motor 29 then receives enough current to restore the frame 1l tonormal position and upon the frame 1l reaching normal position theswitch 42 is thrown to open -position and thus preventing wastage ofcurrent. For preventing the conductors 41 and 43 from passing current tothe motor 29 when the coils are active, I provide an electric magnet 44adapted upon being energized to open a switch 45 in theconductor 43.

A very important feature ofv my invention is the fact that the same canbe readily converted into an automatic train stop system by shuntingaround the rheostat 36 a conductor 46 having a two point switch 47 Yadapted to be struck by an obstacle in the trackway when dangerconditions exist.

In the modified form of my invention, I have illustrated means formechanically gripping the rail and in this particular instance I haveshown the means associated vwith the electric magnet, but I wish it tobe understood that the same may be used independent of the magnet andrelying on the sliding friction between the means and the rail forretarding the speed of the car. In this particular instance theretarding means comprises a pair of pivot. jaws 48 and 49 shaped to gripthehead 50 of the rail. The shank extensions 5l and52 of the jaws areengaged by a bracket 53 having an inclined inner surface 5 4 arranged to'slide in contact with the Shanks 51 and 52. This bracket` 53 is formedintegral with the framell. Y

It is to be understood that all (of the several features of my improvedapparatus have special cooperation with each other and togetherconstitute a particularly effective 'mechanism for the purpose in.view,and I therefore desire to cover the combination present in theseveral partsy of my improved apparatus whether employed in thegeneralorganization shown or elsewhere.

' Vhat I claim is:- l. An electromechanical brake apparatus for. carscomprising a frame pivotally supported by the car for movements towardand away from the track rail, an electromagnet yieldably supported bythe frame, electric means for moving said frame toward and away from thetrack rail, manually operated means for swinging said frame toward andaway from the track rail, and an unsymmetric gear train between saidframe and a Wheel of the car.

2. An electromechanical brake apparatus for cars comprising aframepivotally supported by thecar for movementsVV toward and away fromthe 'track rail,` an electromagnet yieldably supported the frame,

electric means for moving said frame toward and away from the trackrail, manually operated means for swinging said frame toward and awayfrom the track rail, and retarding means including an elliptical geararranged between said frame and one of the wheels of the car.

3. An electromechanical brake apparatus for cars comprising' a framepivotally supported by the car for movements toward and away from thetrack rail, an electromagnet yieldably supported by the frame, electricmeans for moving' said frame toward and away from the track rail,manually operated means for swinging said frame toward and away from thetrack rail, and a gear train including' an elliptical gear, said geartrain receiving motion from one of the wheels of the car and partlysupported by said frame.

il. An electromechanical brake apparatus for cars comprising' a framepivotally supported by the car for movements toward and away from thetrack rail, an electromagnet yieldablv supported by the frame, electricmeans for moving' said frame toward and away from the track rail,manually operated means for swinging said frame toward and away from thetrack rail, a gear train including an elliptical gear, said gear trainreceiving motion from one of the wheels of the car and partly supportedby said frame, and means supported by the electromagnet and actuatedupon movement Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each,by addressing the Commissioner of the frame and adapted to grip thetrack rail.

5. An electromechanical brake system comprising a swingingly mountedframe, an electromagnet supported by the frame for movements toward andaway from the track rail, retarding' means interposed between the frameand the car wheels, means including' an electric motor for giving'movements to the frame, an electric circuit including' a source ofcurrent, and means for interrupting the current supply to said motorupon said irame reaching an abnormal position.

6. An electromechanical brake system comprising a swingingly mountediframe, an electromagnet supported by the frame for movements toward andaway from the 'track rail, retarding means interposed between the frameand the car wheels, means including an electric motor for givingmovements to the frame, an electric circuit including a source ofcurrent, means for interrupting the current supply to said motor uponsaid frame reaching' an abnormal position, and means operating' upon thedenergization of said magnet for renergizing' said motor for throwing`the frame into its normal position.

In testimony whereof I my signature.

JACOB DAVIDON.

Witnesses:

PHILIP COHEN, FRANCIS M. TAYLOR.

of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

